Fencing masks are mandatory protective equipment in a fast contact sport that uses pointy-edged weapons. The iron wire mesh is supported with a metal grid on the inside. Leather paddings give further protection to the ears, chin and forehead.
For centuries before becoming a competitive sport fencing was an integral part of training of military personnel. This 19th century mask was used by non-commissioned officer Josef Edvard Richter (1829–1910).