Vainakh Vovnushki Towers

The Vainakh tower architecture (Chechen: Вайнахи бӀаьвнийн архитектура; Ingush: Вайнахи Гlала архитектур/Вайнахи вовнийн архитектур), also called Nakh architecture, is a characteristic feature of ancient and medieval architecture of Chechnya and Ingushetia. The oldest fortifications in the North Caucasus date from the 3rd millennium BC. The oldest remains of buildings with the characteristics of Nakh towers date from the 1st century AD, and can already be distinguished into residential and military types. Construction greatly increased in the 12th and 13th centuries. Nakh tower architecture and construction techniques reached their peak in the 15th–17th centuries. Vainakh architecture was introduced to north-eastern Georgia (Dartlo, Tusheti) by Vainakh builders.