Mars topography (MOLA, 10x exaggeration) with overlain map indicatin distribution of clinopyroxene detected by the Thermal Emission Spectrometer (Mars Global Surveyor).
Blue/purple areas have little/none of this mineral, while green, yellow, and red indicate increasing concentrations (in that order).
Clinopyroxene is a mineral commonly found in basalts, so we can use this information along with other mineral detections to understand the surface composition.